use of field format in communication device.

专利摘要:
USE OF FIELD FORMAT IN COMMUNICATION DEVICEA communication device for transmitting a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) is described. The communication device includes a processor and instructions stored in memory that are in electronic communication with the processor. The communication device allocates at least twenty signal bits and six final bits to the VHT-SIG-B. The communication device also uses a number of sub-carriers for the VHT-SIG-B as the same number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Field with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field. The communication device further applies a pilot mapping to the VHT-SIG-B which is the same as the pilot mapping to the DATA field. The communication device also transmits the VHT-SIG-B.
公开号:BR112012031922A2
申请号:R112012031922-1
申请日:2011-06-15
公开日:2021-05-18
发明作者:Didier Johannes Richard Van Nee
申请人:Qualcomm Incorporated；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

“USE OF FIELD FORMAT IN COMMUNICATION DEVICE” Cross Reference to Related Applications This application is related to and claims priority of US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/354 930, filed June 15, 2010, to “FORMAT OF VHT-SIG-B IN 802.11AC STANDARD”. Field of the Invention The present description relates generally to communication systems.
More specifically, this description refers to the use of a field format in a communication device.
Description of the Prior Art Communication systems are widely used to provide different types of communication content, such as data, voice, video and so on.
These systems can be multiple access systems capable of supporting simultaneous communications from multiple communication devices (such as wireless communication devices, access terminals, etc.) with one or more other communication devices (such as, for example, , base stations, access points, etc.). The use of communication devices has increased sharply in recent years.
Communication devices often provide access to a network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or the Internet, for example.
Other communication devices (such as access terminals, laptop computers, smart phones, media player devices, gaming devices, etc.) can wirelessly communicate with communication devices that provide access to networks.
Some communication devices conform to certain industry standards, such as the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wireless Fidelity or “Wi-Fi” for example). Users of communication devices, for example, often connect to wireless networks using such 5 communication devices.
As the use of communication devices increases, advances in the capacity, reliability and effectiveness of communication devices are sought.
Systems and methods that improve the capability, reliability and/or effectiveness of communication devices can be beneficial.
Summary of the Invention A communication device for transmitting a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) is described. The communication device includes a processor and instructions stored in memory that are in electronic communication with the processor.
The communication device allocates at least twenty signal bits and six tail bits for a VHT-SIG-B.
The communication device also uses a number of sub-carriers for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Ground with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT) and a Data field.
The communication device further applies a pilot mapping for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same pilot mapping for the DATA field.
The communication device furthermore transmits the VHT-SIG-B.
The communication device can be an access point or an access terminal.
The communication device can allocate twenty signal bits and six final bits for the VHT-SIG-B if the transmission bandwidth is 20 MHz.
If the transmission bandwidth is 40 MHz, the communication device can allocate a set of twenty signal bits, one reserved bit and six trailing bits for VHT-SIG-B and repeat the set for VHT-SIG- B.
If the transmission bandwidth is 80 MHz, the communication device 5 can allocate a set of twenty signal bits, three reserved bits and six final bits for VHT-SIG-B and repeat the set three times for VHT -SIG-B.
If the transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz, the communication device can allocate a group of bits that includes four copies of a set of twenty signal bits, three reserved bits and six trailing bits for the VHT-SIG-B and repeat the bit group for the VHT-SIG-B.
The communication device can use a separate format for VHT-SIG-B if the transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz.
The communication device can copy the VHT-SIG-B into a number of spacetime streams which is the same number of spacetime streams in the DATA field to another communication device.
The communication device can apply a guard interval to the VHT-SIG-B that is the same guard interval in a packet.
A communication device for receiving a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) is also described. The communication device includes a processor and instructions stored in memory that are in electronic communication with the processor.
The communication device receives a VHT-SIG-B in several space-time streams.
VHT-SIG-B includes at least twenty sign bits and six trailing bits.
VHT-SIG-B has a number of sub-carriers which is the same number of sub-carriers for a Very High Transmission Capacity Long Training Ground (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
VHT-SIG-B has a pilot mapping which is the same as the pilot mapping for the DATA field.
The communication device decodes the VHT-SIG-B.
The communication device can be an access point or an access terminal.
The number of spacetime streams can be the same number of spacetime streams in DATA field 5.
VHT-SIG-B can have a guard interval that is the same guard interval that exists in a packet.
VHT-SIG-B can include twenty signal bits and six tail bits for VHT-SIG-B if the transmission bandwidth is 20 MHz.
If the transmission bandwidth is 40 MHz, the VHT-SIG-B can include two sets of twenty signal bits, one reserved bit and six trailing bits.
If the transmission bandwidth is 80 MHz, the VHT-SIG-B can include four sets of twenty signal bits, three reserved bits and six trailing bits.
If the transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz, the VHT-SIG-B can include two groups of bits.
Each group of bits can include four sets of twenty sign bits, three reserved bits, and six trailing bits.
VHT-SIG-B can have a separate format if the transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz.
Decoding the VHT-SIG-B can include adding channel estimates for the various spacetime streams and can include performing single stream detection.
Decoding the VHT-SIG-B can include performing Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) receive processing. Decoding VHT-SIG-B can also include averaging the spacetime streams and performing single stream deinterleaving and decoding.
A method for transmitting a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) by a communication device is also described.
The method includes allocating at least twenty signal bits and six trailing bits to a VHT-SIG-B.
The method also includes using a number of sub-carriers for VHT-SIG-B which is the same number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Field with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
The method also includes applying pilot mapping to the VHT-SIG-B which is the same pilot mapping to the DATA field.
The method further includes transmitting the VHT-SIG-B.
A method for receiving a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) by a communication device is also described.
The method includes receiving a VHT-SIG-B in multiple spacetime streams.
VHT-SIG-B includes at least twenty sign bits and six trailing bits.
The VHT-SIG-B has a number of subcarriers which is equal to the number of subcarriers for a Very High Transmission Capacity Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
VHT-SIG-B has a pilot mapping which is the same as the pilot mapping for the DATA field.
The method also includes decoding the VHT-SIG-B.
A computer program product for transmitting a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) is also described. The computer program product includes a tangible, non-transient computer readable medium with instructions.
The instructions include code to make a communication device allocate at least twenty signal bits and six trailing bits to a VHT-SIG-B.
The instructions also include a code to make the communication device use a number of sub-carriers for the VHT-SIG-B that is the same number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Ground with Very High Transmission Capacity ( VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
The instructions also include code to make the communication device apply a pilot mapping to the VHT-SIG-B which is the same as the pilot mapping to the DATA field.
The instructions also include a code to make the communication device transmit the VHT-5 SIG-B.
A computer program product for receiving a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) is also described. The computer program product includes a tangible, non-transient computer readable medium with instructions.
The instructions include code to make a communication device receive a VHT-SIG-B in multiple spacetime streams.
VHT-SIG-B includes at least twenty sign bits and six trailing bits.
VHT-SIG-B has a number of sub-carriers which is the same number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Field with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
VHT-SIG-B has a pilot mapping which is the same as the pilot mapping for the DATA field.
The instructions also include a code to make the communication device decode the VHT-SIG-B.
An apparatus for transmitting a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) is also described. The apparatus includes mechanisms for allocating at least twenty signal bits and six tail bits for a VHT-SIG-B.
The apparatus also includes mechanisms for utilizing a number of sub-carriers for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Field with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and a field of DICE.
The apparatus also includes mechanisms for applying a pilot mapping for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same pilot mapping for the DATA field.
The apparatus also includes mechanisms for transmitting the VHT-SIG-B.
An apparatus for receiving a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) is also described. The apparatus includes mechanisms for receiving a VHT-SIG-B in various space-time streams.
VHT-SIG-B includes at least twenty sign bits and six trailing bits.
VHT-SIG-B has a number of sub-carriers which is the same number of sub-carriers for a Very High Transmission Capacity Long Training Ground (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
VHT-SIG-B has a pilot mapping which is the same as the pilot mapping for the DATA field.
The device also includes mechanisms for decoding the VHT-SIG-B.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitting communication device and a receiving communication device in which systems and methods for using a field format can be implemented; Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of a communication frame that can be used in accordance with the systems and methods described herein; Figure 3 is a diagram showing examples of Signal B Fields with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-Bs); Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of data and pilot tones for an 80 megahertz (MHz) signal for a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) according to the systems and methods described herein;
Figure 5 is a flow diagram showing a configuration of a method for using a field format in a communication device; Figure 6 is a flow diagram showing a more specific configuration of a method for using a field format in a communication device; Figure 7 is a flow diagram showing another configuration of a method for using a field format in a communication device; Figure 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an access point and an access terminal in which systems and methods for using a field format can be implemented; Figure 9 is a block diagram of a communication device that can be used in a Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) system; Figure 10 shows certain components that can be included within a communication device; and Figure 11 shows certain components that can be included within a wireless communication device. Detailed Description of the Invention Examples of communication devices include cell phone base stations or nodes, access points, wireless gateways, and wireless routers. A communication device can operate in accordance with certain industry standards, such as 802.11a, 802.11b,
802.11g, 802.11n and/or 802.11ac (Wireless Fidelity or “Wi-Fi”). Other examples of standards that a communication device can conform to include IEEE 802.16 (Global Interoperability for Microwave Access or “WiMAX” for example), the Third-Party Partnership Project
Generation (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3GPP, and others (such as where a communication device can be referred to as Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), etc.). Although some of the systems and methods described herein may be described in terms of one or more patterns, this should not limit the scope of the description, as the systems and methods can be applied to many systems and/or patterns.
Some communication devices (such as access terminals, client devices, client stations, etc.) can communicate wirelessly with other communication devices.
Some communication devices may be referred to as stations (STAs), mobile devices, mobile stations, subscriber stations, user equipment (UEs), remote stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, terminals, user terminals, subscriber units, etc.
Additional examples of communication devices include laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, smart phones, wireless modems, e-readers, tablet devices, gaming systems, etc.
Some of these communication devices may operate in accordance with one or more of the industry standards described above.
Thus, the general term "communication device" can include communication devices described with variable nomenclatures in accordance with industry standards (such as, for example, access terminal, user equipment (UE), remote terminal, access point, base station , Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), etc.). Some communication devices are capable of providing access to a communications network.
Examples of a communications network include, but are not limited to, a telephone network (a "landline" network such as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or cellular telephone network, for example), the Internet, an Area Network Local Area Network (LAN), an Extended Area Network (WLAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), etc.
The current work of the IEEE 802.11 group involves standardizing 5 a new, faster version of 802.11, under the name VHT (Very High Transmission Capacity). This extension can be referred to as 802.11ac.
Additional signal bandwidth (BW) utilization is also considered to consist of transmissions using 80 megahertz (MHz) and 160 MHz.
Physical layer preambles can be defined that allow for both increased signal bandwidth and backward compatibility with 802.11n, 802.11a and 802.11. An 802.11ac frame can be structured with a preamble that includes several fields.
In one configuration, an 802.11ac frame can include a legacy short boot camp or long boot camp with not high transmit capability (L-STF), a legacy long boot camp, or long boot camp with not much transmit capability high (L-LTF), a legacy signal field or signal field with non-high transmitting capability (L-SIG), one or more A signal fields with very high transmitting capability (VHT-SIG-A), a short training camp with very high transmit capability (VHT-STF), one or more long training camps with very high transmit capability (VHT-LTFs), a B-signal field with very high transmit capability (VHT-SIG -B) and a data field (DATA or VHT-DATA, for example). In some configurations, multiple VHT-SIG-As can be used (one VHT-SIG-A1 and VHT-SIG-A2 for example). The systems and methods described herein describe a format for a B signal field with very high transmission capability (VHT-SIG-B). The VHT-SIG-B can contain user-specific information (modulation rate and encoding, for example) and can be spatially multiplexed for different clients (eg, receiving communication devices, wireless communication devices, etc.). ). In IEEE 802.11, a communication device can send pilot symbols to another communication device.
Pilot symbols can be sent using one or more spatial streams, for example.
In one configuration, pilot symbols can be sent in a B-signal field with very high transmission capacity (VHT-SIG-B). Pilot symbols can be additionally or alternatively sent in one or more fields (in a data field with very high transmission capacity (VHT-DATA), for example). In accordance with the systems and methods described herein, the VHT-SIG-B can use the same pilot mapping that is used for DATA symbols.
For example, a communication device can generate one or more pilot sequences to be mapped to sub-carriers in one or more spatial streams.
A pilot sequence can include one or more pilot symbols.
In one configuration, a pilot sequence may comprise four pilot symbols (0 to 3, for example) per spatial stream when using a transmission bandwidth of twenty megahertz (MHz). For a transmission bandwidth of 40 MHz, for example, a pilot sequence may comprise six pilot symbols (0 to 5, for example) per spatial stream.
For a transmission bandwidth of 80 MHz, a pilot sequence may comprise eight pilot symbols (0 to 7, for example), for example.
In one configuration (in IEEE 802.11ac, for example), the pilot mapping on all NSTS streams can be the same (with the exception of different Cyclic Offset Diversity values (CSDs) possible per 5 stream, for example). As follows, an example pilot mapping for a 20 MHz transmission is given, followed by an example pilot mapping for a 40 MHz transmission. MHz. In one configuration, a pilot sequence for a VHT-SIG-B for a 20 MHz transmission can be applied as follows. The mapping of pilot tones in a 20 MHz transmission is shown in Equation (1).
In Equation (1), 1,1m  represents pilot symbols in the pilot sequence. In Equation (1), P is the sequence of pilots and n is a symbol index (n = 0 for a VHT-SIG-B, for example). Including a pseudo-random scrambling sequence, the pilot value for the kth tone (with k = -21, -7, 7, 21) is pn  z Pnk , where z = 3 for the VHT-SIG-B and where pn is defined in Section 17.3.5.9 of the IEEE 802.11 specification. In one configuration, a pilot sequence for a VHT-SIG-B for a 40 MHz transmission can be applied as follows. The mapping of pilot tones on a 40 MHz transmission is shown in Equation (2).
In Equation (2), 1,1m  represents pilot symbols in the pilot sequence. In Equation (2), P is the sequence of pilots and n is a symbol index (n = 0 for a VHT-SIG-B). Including a pseudo-5 random scrambling sequence, the pilot value for the kth tone (with k = - 53, -25, -11, 25, 53) is pn  z Pnk , where z = 3 for the VHT -SIG- B and where pn is defined in Section 17.3.5.9 of the IEEE 802.11 specification. In one configuration, a pilot sequence for a VHT-SIG-B for an 80 MHz transmission can be applied as follows. The mapping of pilot tones in an 80 MHz transmission is shown in Equation (3).
In Equation (3), 1, m represents pilot symbols in the pilot sequence. In Equation (3), P is the sequence of pilots and n is a symbol index (n = 0 for a VHT-SIG-B, for example). Including a pseudo-random scrambling sequence, the pilot value for the kth tone (with k = -103, -75, -39, -11, 22, 39, 75, 103 is pn  z Pnk , where z =3 for the VHT-SIG-B and where pn is defined in Section 17.3.5.9 of the IEEE 802.11 specification. It should be noted that pilot sequences can have a rotation applied (applied next, for example), thus an index symbol number (VHT-DATA) n = 0 for VHT-SIG-B. This means, for example, that the first DATA symbol and VHT-SIG-B both use DATA symbol number 0. As described above , the pilot scrambling sequence index can be z = 3 for VHT-SIG-B According to the systems and methods described herein, VHT-SIG-B can use the same number of sub-carriers of a Long Training Ground with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and the DATA field In the VHT-SIG-B, pilots and scheduling can be done in a similar manner to that used for the DATA field. For example, scaling can be done so that the average power is identical to that of the data symbols. This can avoid problems with 802.11a tone duplication (such as VHT-SIG-A, for example). However, the power scaling may be different for VHT-SIG-B than it is for VHT-SIG-A (similar to a doubling of High Transmission Capacity (HT)
802.11n, for example). For example, VHT-SIG-A can have a different number of sub-carriers. Thus, the scaling factor can be slightly different so as to make the average power the same for VHT-SIG-A, VHT-SIG-B and data symbols. Pilot mapping and pilot processing may be different from those used for VHT-SIG-A as VHT-LTFs may have a different number of pilots and a different pilot mapping than used for VHT-SIG-A . According to the systems and methods described here, there may be 26 bits available on a VHT-SIG-B in 20 MHz mode (with a bandwidth of 20 MHz, for example). For 40, 80 and 160 MHz transmission bandwidths, bits can be repeated, including trailing bits. This can provide additional bits for bandwidth (more than twenty reserved bits). This can also provide a way for a receiver to obtain processing gain by averaging repeated provisional values at the input of the decoder.
In one configuration, two copied 80 MHz VHT-SIG-B data symbols can be used with a transmission bandwidth of 160 MHz.
Alternatively, a separate format 5 for a 160 MHz bandwidth can be used if a separate 160 MHz interleaver is used.
According to the systems and methods described here, VHT-SIG-B can be duplicated in spacetime streams.
In one configuration, the VHT-SIG-B can be encoded and interleaved as a single spatial stream symbol.
The output of a VHT-SIG-B constellation mapper can be copied into NSTS streams, where NSTS is the number of spacetime streams in the DATA field for the intended receiver, device, or user.
The NSTS spacetime streams to the VHT-SIG-B can use the same Cyclic Shift Diversity (CSD) values used in a DATA field.
In accordance with the systems and methods described herein, the VHT-SIG-B can utilize a long guard interval.
The long guard interval can be used in order to keep the same guard interval in the entire preamble part of a packet or four.
Another communication device (receiver, for example) can receive the VHT-SIG-B.
When decoding VHT-SIG-B, a channel estimate of NSTS streams may be available, where NSTS is the number of space-time streams for a specific receiver, device, or user.
In one configuration, decoding at the receiver can be done as follows.
For each sub-carrier and each receiving antenna, channel estimates for all NSTS streams can be added.
Single stream detection can then be done using this modified channel estimate.
Alternatively, decoding at the receiver can be done as follows.
The NSTS can then be proportionally divided by sub-carrier.
Finally, deinterleaving and single stream decoding can be performed.
In one configuration of the systems and methods described herein, multiple orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) tones and multiple bits for a VHT-SIG-B can be used as follows.
For bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz and 160 MHz (for transmission and/or reception), a set of bits can be repeated so as to obtain respectively two, four and eight sets.
In some configurations, this repeat may not be done on each 20 MHz subband.
Repetition can be done before encoding and interleaving.
Because of interleaving, for example, the first 27 bits can be spread across 20 MHz subbands.
So every 20 MHz may not carry the same 27 bits.
Instead, the first 27 bits can be repeated in order to obtain two sets (copies, for example) for 40 MHz.
For 80 MHz, the first 29 bits can be repeated to get four sets or copies with an additional stuffer bit.
For 160 MHz, the first 29 bits can be repeated to get eight sets or copies with two additional padding bits.
It should be noted that while BPSK and 1/2 rate coding is used as an example here, other modulation schemes and/or coding rates may be used in accordance with the present systems and methods, which may provide for inclusion. of different numbers of bits in each symbol.
Table (1) shows an example of multiple data tones and multiple bits per signal bandwidth that can be used for a
VHT-SIG-B according to the systems and methods described herein.
VHT-SIG-B Signal Bandwidth 20 40 80 MHz 160 MHz MHz MHz Number of Tones 56 114 242 484 Number of Tones of 52 108 234 468 Data Number of Bits per 26 27 29 (+ 1 29 (+ 2 Filling set ) fillers) Table (1) Several configurations are now described with reference to the Figures, in which the same reference numerals may indicate functionally similar elements.
The systems and methods generally described and shown in these Figures can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following more detailed description of various configurations, represented in the Figures, is not intended to limit the scope as claimed, but is merely representative of the systems and methods.
Figure 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmit communication device 102 and a receiver communication device 138 in which systems and methods for using a field format can be implemented.
Examples of the transmission communication device 102 may include access points, access terminals, base stations, user equipment (UEs), stations (STAs), etc.
Examples of the receiving communication device 138 may include access points, access terminals, base stations, user equipment (UEs), stations (STAs), etc.
The transmit communication device 102 may include a repeating bit block/module 106, a channel encoder 108, an interleaver 110, a constellation mapper 112, a pilot insert block/module 114, a block/module of scaling 120, a cyclic shift block/module 122, a spatial mapping block/module 124, an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) block/module 126, a guard interval block/module 128, a block/ radio frequency (RF) transmission (TX) module 130, one or more antennas 132a-n, a pseudo-random noise generator 134 and/or a pilot generator 136. It should be noted that one or more of the elements 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 134, 136 included in the transmission communication device 102 may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both.
Furthermore, the term “block/module” can be used to indicate that a specific element can be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both.
It should also be noted that although some of the elements 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 134, 136 may be shown as a single block, one or more of the elements 106 , 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 134, 136 shown may comprise several parallel blocks/modules in some configurations.
For example, multiple channel encoders 108, multiple interleavers 110, multiple constellation mappers 112, multiple pilot insert blocks/modules 114, multiple scaling blocks/modules 120, multiple cyclic shift blocks/modules 122, multiple blocks/modules of spatial mapping 124, multiple IDFT blocks/modules 126, multiple interval blocks/modules 128, and/or multiple TX RF130 blocks/modules can be used to form multiple paths in some configurations.
For example, separate streams 158 (such as spacetime streams 158, space streams 158, etc.) can be generated and/or transmitted using separate paths.
In some implementations, these 5 paths are implemented with separate hardware, whereas in other implementations the path hardware is reused for more than one stream 158 or the path logic is implemented in software that runs for one or more streams 158 More specifically, each of the elements shown in the transmit communication device 102 can be implemented as a single block/module or multiple blocks/modules.
Data 104 may comprise overhead data (control, for example) and/or payload data.
For example, payload data can include voice, video, audio and/or other data.
Overhead data can include control information, such as information specifying a data rate, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), channel bandwidth, etc.
In some configurations or instances, data 104 may be sent to repeating bit block/module 106, which may repeat (generate copies of, for example) bits of data 104. If 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz is used to a transmission bandwidth, for example, then the repeating bit block/module 106 can repeat signal bits, trailing bits and/or reserved bits for a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG- B). If 40 MHz are used, for example, then twenty sign bits, one reserved bit and six trailing bits can be allocated and can be repeated once (which results in two sets or copies of twenty sign bits, one reserved bit and six final bits). If 80 MHz is used, then twenty sign bits, three reserved bits, and six trailing bits can be allocated and may be repeated three times (which results in four sets or copies of twenty sign bits, three reserved bits, and six trailing bits.
If 160 MHz is used, then twenty 5 signal bits, three reserved bits and six trailing bits can be allocated and can be repeated three times to form a group of bits for an 80 MHz signal (a group including four copies of the twenty signal bits, three reserved bits and six trailing bits, for example), which can then be repeated or copied.
This can result, for example, in two groups of bits, each group including four sets of twenty sign bits, three reserved bits, and six trailing bits.
For example, two copies of an 80 MHz VHT-SIG-B data symbol can be used for 160 MHz.
Alternatively, a separate or different format can be used for 160 MHz (if a separate 160 MHz interleaver 110 is used). Data (optionally repeated) 104 may be sent to channel encoder 108. Channel encoder 108 may encode data 104 for forward error correction (FEC), encryption, bundling, and/or other known encodings for use with wireless transmission.
For example, channel encoder 108 may use binary convolutional encoding (BCC). The encoded data can be sent to the interleaver 110. The interleaver 110 can change the ordering of bits or interleave bits so as to more evenly spread the channel errors over a bit stream.
Interleaved bits may be sent to constellation mapper 112. In some configurations, a separate interleaver 110 may be provided for 160 MHz signals.
The constellation mapper 112 maps the data generated by the interleaver 110 to constellation points (complex numbers, for example). For example, the constellation mapper 112 may use modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc. In case quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used, for example, the constellation mapper 112 can generate two bits per stream 158, per sub-carrier 160, per symbol period. Furthermore, the constellation mapper 112 can transmit a 16-QAM constellation signal for each stream 158 for each data sub-carrier 160 for each symbol period. Other modulations, such as 64-QAM, can be used, which would result in a consumption of six bits per stream 158, per data sub-carrier 160, per symbol period. Other variations are also possible. In one configuration, BPSK modulation can be used for VHT-SIG-B. It should be noted that the constellation mapper 112 can allocate several sub-carriers (OFDM tones, for example) 160 and map the constellation points (symbols, for example) to the sub-carriers
160. Pilot generator 136 may generate a sequence of pilots. A pilot sequence can be a group of pilot symbols. In a configuration, for example, the values in the pilot sequence can be represented by a signal with a specific phase, amplitude and/or frequency. For example, a "1" can denote a pilot symbol with a specific phase and/or amplitude, while a "-1" can denote a pilot symbol with a different phase and/or amplitude (opposite or inverse, for example) . The transmit communication device 102 may include a pseudo-random noise generator 134 in some configurations. The pseudo-random noise generator 134 may generate a pseudo-random noise sequence or signal (e.g. values) used to scramble the pilot sequence. For example, the sequence of pilots for successive OFDM symbols can be multiplied by successive numbers of the pseudo-random noise sequence, thus scrambling the sequence of pilots per OFDM symbol. This can be done according to the equation pn  z Pnk , where pn is the pseudo-random noise sequence, Pnk is the pilot sequence (or pilot mapping matrix) and k is an OFDM tone index (the sub- carrier 160, for example). In one configuration, n = 0 and z = 3 for VHT-SIG-B. When the pilot sequence is sent to a receiving communication device 138, the received pilot sequence can be unscrambled by a pilot processor 142. It should be noted that the VHT-DATA symbol n = 0 can be used for the VHT- SIG-B, which means that the first DATA symbol and the VHT-SIG-B can both use the DATA symbol number 0. It should also be noted that the pilot scrambling sequence z = 3 can be used to the VHT-SIG-B. Pilot insertion block/module 114 inserts pilot tones into pilot tone sub-carriers 160. For example, the pilot sequence may be mapped into sub-carriers 160 to specific indices according to a map.
116. For example, pilot symbols of the (scrambled) pilot sequence may be mapped to pilot sub-carriers 160 that are interspersed with data sub-carriers 160 and/or other sub-carriers 160. In other words, the or sequence pilots signal can be combined with sequence or data signal. In some configurations, one or more direct current (DC) tones may be centered on a sub-carrier index 0. Pilot mapping performed to a VHT-SIG-B by pilot insertion block/module 114 may be the 5 same pilot mapping performed for a DATA field in a packet or frame.
As described above, pilot symbols can be inserted at sub-carrier indices {-21, -7, 7, 21} if 20 MHz bandwidth is used.
Additionally or alternatively, pilot symbols may be inserted at sub-carrier indices {-53, -25, -11, 11, 25, 53} if 40 MHz bandwidth is used.
Additionally or alternatively, pilot symbols may be inserted at sub-carrier indices {-103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75, 103} if 80 MHz bandwidth is used.
For 160 MHz bandwidth, the indices used for 80 MHz bandwidth can be used in two 80 MHz bandwidths, for example.
In some configurations, the number of sub-carriers used for the VHT-SIG-B can be the same number of sub-carriers used for the VHT-LTF(s) and DATA field(s) .
This may be the case for 802.11ac.
It should be noted that while examples of sub-carrier or pitch indices numbers are given, other sub-carrier or pitch indices numbers may be used.
The combined data and pilot signal 118 can be sent to a scaling block/module 120. The scaling block/module 120 can schedule pilot symbols and/or data symbols.
In some configurations, the scaling block/module 120 scales the pilot symbols and/or data symbols to the VHT-SIG-B in the same way as to a DATA field.
In a configuration, scaling can be done by multiplying symbol values by a scaling value. This may be similar to the procedure followed in the specification.
802.11n. The scaling signal (the output signal of scaling block/module 120, for example) can be sent to cyclic shift block/module 122. Cyclic shift block/module 122 can insert cyclic shifts into one or more spatial streams or space-time fluxes for Cyclic Shift Diversity (CSD). In one configuration, the NSTS spacetime streams to VHT-SIG-B can use the same CSD values used for a DATA field. In one configuration, the VHT-SIG-B may be encoded (by channel encoder 108) and interleaved (by interleaver 110) as a single spatial stream symbol. The output of the constellation mapper 112 (or the output of block/pilot insertion module 114, the output of block/scaling module 120 or the output of block/cyclic shift module 122) of the VHT-SIG-B can be copied into NSTS streams 158, where NSTS is the number of spacetime streams 158 in a DATA field to a receiving communication device 138 or intended user. For example, spatial mapping block/module 124 can map the VHT-SIG-B into NSTS space-time streams 158 or spatial streams 158. IDFT block/module 126 can perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform on the signal generated by the Spatial mapping block/module 124. For example, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) block/module 126 converts the data frequency signals 104 and the inserted pilot tones into time-domain signals representing the signal across the flows 158 and/or time domain samples for a period of symbols. In one configuration, for example, the IDFT block/module 126 can perform a fast inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) of 256 points.
In some configurations, the IDFT block/module 126 may further apply a phase rotation at 5 one or more 20 MHz subbands.
The signal output of the IDFT block/module 126 can be sent to the guard interval block/module 128. The guard interval block/module 128 can insert (preemptively obtain, for example) a guard interval in the signal output of IDFT block/module 126. For example, guard interval block/module 128 can insert a long guard interval that is the same length as a guard interval for other fields in a frame preamble.
In some configurations, the guard interval block/module 128 can further window formation on the signal.
The output of guard interval block/module 128 can be sent to radio frequency (RF) transmission (TX) block/module 130. RF TX block/module 130 can upconvert the output of block/guard interval module 130. guard 128 (a complex baseband waveform, for example) and transmit the resulting signal using the antenna or antennas 132a-n.
For example, the TX RF block/module or blocks/modules 130 may transmit radio frequency (RF) signals to one or more antennas 132a-n, thereby transmitting the data 104 that has been inputted to the channel encoder 108 over a wireless medium. suitably configured for receiving by one or more receiving communication devices 138. It should be noted that transmitting communication device 102 can determine the channel bandwidth to be used in transmissions to one or more receiving communication devices 138. determination can be based on one or more factors, such as compatibility with the receiving communication device 138, the number of receiving communication devices 138 (using the communication channel), the channel quality (channel noise, per example) and/or the indicator received, etc.
In one configuration, the transmit communication device 102 can determine whether the bandwidth for signal transmission is 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz.
One or more of the elements 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 134, 136 included in the transmit communication device 102 can function based on the determination of bandwidth.
For example, the repeating bit block/module 106 may (or may not) repeat bits based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
In addition, pilot generator 136 can generate various pilot tones based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
For example, the pilot generator 136 can generate eight pilot symbols for an 80 MHz signal (with 242 OFDM tones: 234 data tones and eight pilot tones with three DC 160 sub-carriers). In addition, constellation mapper 112 can map data 104 into various OFDM tones and pilot insertion block/module 114 can insert pilot tones based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
In an example, if the current field is a VHT-SIG-B and the bandwidth used is 80 MHz, the constellation mapper 112 can map data 104 into 234 OFDM tones or 160 sub-carriers, leaving eight OFDM tones ( 160 sub-carriers, for example) for pilots and three 160 sub-carriers as DC tones.
In some configurations, the constellation mapper 112 may use a lookup table to determine the number of tones or sub-carriers to be used for a specified bandwidth.
In addition, the pilot insertion block/module 114 can insert pilots based on transmission bandwidth.
For example, a bandwidth of 80 MHz might indicate that pilot symbols should be entered at indices -103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75, and 1-3. It should be noted that IDFT block/module 126 can further rotate subbands (20 MHz subbands for example) based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
In one configuration, if the determined bandwidth is 20 MHz, the transmit communication device 102 can allocate 56 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 56 for the DATA field.
If the determined bandwidth is 40 MHz, the transmit communication device 102 can allocate 114 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 114 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 80 MHz, the transmit communication device 102 can allocate 242 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 242 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 160 MHz, the transmit communication device 102 can allocate 484 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 484 for the DATA field.
Other OFDM tone numbers can be used.
One or more streams 158 may be transmitted from transmit communication device 102 so that transmissions in different streams 158 are differentiable at a receiving communication device 138 (with some probability). For example, bits mapped to a spatial dimension are transmitted as a stream 158. This stream 158 can be transmitted on its own antenna 132 spatially separate from other antennas 132, in its superposition orthogonal to a series of spatially separated antennas 132 in its polarization itself,
etc. Many techniques for separating the streams 158 are known and can be used (involving spacer antennas 132 in space or other techniques that would provide for distinguishing their signals at a receiver, for example). In the example shown in Figure 1, there are one or more streams 158 that are transmitted using the same or a different number of antennas 132a-n (one or more, for example). In some instances, only one stream 158 may be available because of inactivation of one or more of the other streams 158. In case the transmit communication device 102 uses a series of frequency sub-carriers 160, there are several values for the dimension of frequency, so that the constellation mapper 112 can map some bits to one frequency sub-carrier 160 and other bits to another frequency sub-carrier 160. Other frequency sub-carriers 160 can be reserved as protection bands, pilot tone sub-carriers or similar that do not (or do not always) carry data
104. For example, there may be one or more data sub-carriers 160 and one or more pilot sub-carriers 160. It should be noted that, in some instances or configurations, not all 160 sub-carriers may be driven from one time. For example, some tones may not be excited to enable filtering. In one configuration, the transmit communication device 102 may use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in transmitting a plurality of sub-carriers 160. For example, the constellation mapper 112 may map data (encoded) 104 to time resources and /or frequency according to the multiplexing scheme used.
The time dimension refers to periods of symbols.
Different bits can be allocated to different symbol periods.
In case there are multiple streams 158, multiple sub-carriers 160, and multiple symbol periods, the transmission for one symbol period may be referred to as a "MIMO (Multi-Input and Multiple-Output) OFDM (Division Multiplexing) symbol of orthogonal frequency)". The baud rate for the encoded data can be determined by multiplying the number of bits per single symbol (log2 of the number of constellations used, for example) times the number of streams 158 times the number of data sub-carriers 160, divided by the extension of the period of symbols.
One or more receiving communication device 138 may receive and use signals from transmit communication device 102. For example, a receiving communication device 138 may use a received bandwidth indicator to receive a given number of tones or sub-carriers OFDM 160. Additionally or alternatively, a receiving communication device 138 may use a pilot sequence generated by the transmitting communication device 102 to characterize the channel, transmitter damage and/or receiver damage and use that characterization to improve reception of data 104 encoded in transmission.
For example, a receiving communication device 138 may include one or more antennas 154a-n (which may be greater than, less than or equal to the number of antennas 132a-n of the transmit communication device 102 and/or the number of streams 158) which are fed to one or more RF receive blocks/modules 152. The RX RF block or blocks/modules 152 can transmit analog signals to one or more analog/digital converters (ADCs) 150. For example , a receive RF block 152 can receive and downconvert a signal, which can be sent to an analog-to-digital converter 150. Similar to 5 with the transmit communication device 102, the number of streams 158 processed may or may not equal the number of antennas 154a-n.
Furthermore, it is not necessary to limit each spatial stream 158 to an antenna 154, as various beamforming, orthogonalization, etc. techniques can be used to arrive at a series of receiver streams.
The analog to digital converter or converters (ADCs) 150 can convert the received analog signal(s) into one or more digital signals.
The output(s) of the converter or analog/digital converters (ADCs) 150 may be sent to one or more time and/or frequency synchronization blocks/modules 148. A block/module of time and/or frequency synchronization 148 may (attempt to) synchronize or align the digital signal in time and/or frequency (with a clock of the receiving communication device 138, for example). The (synchronized) output of the time and/or frequency synchronization block or blocks/modules 148 may be sent to one or more deformatters 146. For example, a deformatter 146 may receive an output of the block(s)/module (s) time and/or frequency synchronization 148, remove protection intervals, etc., and/or parallelize the data for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing. One or more deformatter outputs 146 may be sent to one or more discrete Fourier transform (DFT) blocks/modules 144. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) blocks/modules 144 may convert one or more time domain signals in the frequency domain. A pilot processor 142 may use the frequency domain signals (by spatial stream 158, for example) to determine one or more pilot tones 5 (via streams 158, frequency sub-carriers 160 and/or groups of periods of symbols, for example) sent by the transmit communication device
102. Pilot processor 142 may additionally or alternatively unscramble the pilot sequence. Pilot processor 142 may use the pilot sequence or sequences described herein for phase and/or frequency and/or amplitude tracking. The pilot tone(s) can be sent to a space-time-frequency detection and/or decoding block/module 140, which can detect and/or decode the data across the various dimensions. The space-time-frequency detection and/or decoding block/module 140 can transmit received data 164 (the estimation by the receiving communication device 138 of the data 104 transmitted by the transmitting communication device 102, for example). In some configurations, the receiving communication device 138 knows the transmission streams sent as part of an overall information stream. The receiving communication device 138 can perform channel estimation with the help of these known transmission sequences. To assist with pilot tone tracking, data processing and/or detection and decoding, a channel estimation block/module 156 may send estimation signals to pilot processor 142 and/or detection block/module and/or space-time-frequency decoding 140 based on the output of the time and/or frequency synchronization block/module 148. Alternatively, if the deformat and the discrete Fourier transform are the same for both the known transmission sequences and the payload data part of the total information sequence, the estimation signals can be sent to the 5-pilot processor 142 and/or the space-time-frequency detection and/or decoding block/module 140 based on the output of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) blocks/modules 144. The receiving communication device 138 can receive the VHT-SIG-B.
When decoding VHT-SIG-B, a channel estimate of NSTS streams may be available (sent by channel estimation block/module 156, for example), where NSTS is the number of spacetime streams for a device receiver 138 or specific user.
In one configuration, the space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 140 may function as follows.
For each sub-carrier 160 and each receive antenna 154a-n, channel estimates for all NSTS streams 158 can be added. The space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 140 can then perform a detection of single stream using this modified channel estimate.
Alternatively, decoding at the receiver can be done as follows.
The space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 140 can perform Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) reception processing. The NSTS streams 158 can then be proportionally divided by sub-carrier 160. Finally, single stream deinterleaving and decoding can be performed.
In some configurations, receiving communication device 138 may determine channel bandwidth (for received communications, which may also be referred to as transmit bandwidth). For example, the receiving communication device 138 may receive from the transmitting communication device 102 a bandwidth indication, which indicates a channel bandwidth.
For example, the receiving communication device 138 may obtain an explicit or implicit bandwidth indication.
In a configuration, the bandwidth indication can indicate a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz.
The receiving communication device 138 may determine the bandwidth for received communications based on this indication and provide a determined bandwidth indication to the pilot processor 142 and/or the space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module. 140. In some configurations, if the determined bandwidth is 20 MHz, the receiving communication device 138 can receive 56 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 56 for the DATA field.
If the determined bandwidth is 40 MHz, the receiving communication device 138 can receive 114 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 114 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 80 MHz, the receiving communication device 138 can receive 242 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 242 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 160 MHz, the receiving communication device 138 can receive 484 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 484 for the DATA field.
Other OFDM tone numbers can be received.
The pilot processor 142 can use the determined bandwidth indication to extract pilot symbols from the output of the discrete Fourier transform block/module 144. For example, if the receiving communication device 138 detects that the bandwidth is 80 MHz, the pilot processor 142 can extract pilot symbols from indices -103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75 and 103. The space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 140 can use the determined bandwidth indication to detect and/or decode data from the received signal. For example, if the current field is a VHT-SIG-B field and the given bandwidth indication specifies that the bandwidth is 80 MHz, then the space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 140 can detect and/or decode preamble data from 234 tones or OFDM sub-carriers 160 (while eight OFDM tones are pilot tones and three sub-carriers 160 are used for DC tones, for example). In some configurations, the space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 140 may utilize a look-up table to determine the number of tones or sub-carriers 160 to be received for a specified bandwidth. Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of a communication frame 200 that may be used in accordance with the systems and methods described herein. Frame 200 may include one or more sections or fields for preamble symbols, pilot symbols and/or data symbols. For example, frame 200 may comprise a preamble
802.11ac 274 and a data field 282 (DATA field or VHT-DATA, for example). In one configuration, the preamble
802.11ac 274 can have a duration of 40 to 68 s. preamble 274 and/or pilot symbols may be used (by a receiving communication device 138, for example) to synchronize, detect, demodulate and/or decode the data included in frame 200.
Frame 200 with an 802.11ac preamble can be structured by including several fields. In one configuration, an 802.11ac 200 frame may include a legacy short boot camp or short boot camp with non-high transmission capacity (L-STF) 266, a legacy long boot camp, or a long boot camp with capacity non-high transmit (L-LTF) 268, a legacy signal field or signal field with non-high transmit capability (L-SIG) 270, one or more symbols or signal fields with very high transmit capability A (VHT- SIG-A) 272 (such as VHT-SIG-A1, VHT-SIG-A2, etc.), a short training camp with very high transmission capacity (VHT-STF) 276, one or more training camps. Very high transmit capability (VHT-LTFs) 278, a very high transmit capability B signal field (VHT-SIG-B) 280, and a data (DATA) field 282. The 802.11ac preamble 274 can accommodate backwards compatibility (with earlier 802.11 specifications, for example). The first part of preamble 274 may include fields L-STF 266, L-LTF 268, L-SIG 270 and VHT-SIG-A 272. The first part of preamble 274 is decodable by legacy apparatus (apparatus conforming to specifications). legacy or earlier, for example). A second part of preamble 274 includes the VHT-STF 276, one or more VHT-LTFs 278, and the VHT-SIG-B 80. The second part of preamble 274 may not be decodable by legacy devices (or even by all devices
802.11ac). The 802.11ac preamble may include some control data that is decodable by 802.11a receivers and
802.11n legacy. This control data can be contained in the L-SIG 270. The data in the L-SIG 280 tells all receivers how long the transmission will occupy the wireless medium so that all devices can delay their transmissions by a precise amount of time. In addition to this, the 802.11ac preamble allows 802.11ac devices to distinguish the transmission as an 802.11ac transmission (and avoid determining that the transmission is in a format
802.11a or 802.11n). According to the systems and methods described herein, a number of data and pilot tones for an 80 MHz 802.11ac signal can be used. It can be compared to the number of data and pilot tones for signals.
20 MHz 802.11n and 40 MHz 802.11n. A 20 MHz 802.11n signal uses 56 tones (52 data, four pilots) with a direct current (DC) tone. A 40 MHz 802.11n signal uses 114 tones (108 data, six pilots) with three DC tones. In a configuration of the systems and methods described here, 242 tones (234 data tones and eight pilot tones, for example) can be used with three DC tones for an 80 MHz 802.11ac signal. used is shown in Table (2). More specifically, Table (2) shows numbers of OFDM tones (sub-carriers, for example) that can be used in a transmission
802.11ac for various signal bandwidths. Signal Bandwidth Field 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz L-STF 12 24 48 48 L-LTF 52 104 208 416 L-SIG 52 104 208 416 VHT-SIG-A1 52 104 208 416 VHT-SIG-A2 52 104 208 416
VHT-STF 12 24 48 48 VHT-LTFs 56 114 242 484 VHT-SIG-B 56 114 242 484 DATA 56 114 242 484 Table (2) The field or fields VHT-LTFs 278, the field VHT-SIG-B 280 and DATA field 282 can use more OFDM tones than the first part of preamble 274. Each of these 5 fields 278, 280 can use the same number of tones as DATA field 282. For 20 MHz and 40 MHz 802.11ac transmissions , the number of tones can be chosen to match the 802.11n standard.
For 80 MHz and 160 MHz 802.11ac transmissions, the number of tones can be chosen to be 242 and 484, respectively.
For a 20 MHz 802.11ac transmission, the VHT-SIG-B 280 field port 26 bits of data if BPSK and 1/2 rate encoding are used, for example.
For a 40 MHz 802.11ac transmission, the VHT-SIG-B 280 field can carry either 54 bits of single data or two copies or sets of 27 bits of data, for example.
An 80 MHz transmission of the VHT-SIG-B 280 field can carry four copies or 29-bit sets of data, two copies or 58-bit sets of data, or 117 bits of data, for example.
A similar selection can be made for 160 MHz transmission.
For example, a 160 MHz transmission can use two 80 MHz VHT-SIG-B 8-bit copies, it can use eight copies (of 29 data bits) or it can use a separate format.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing examples of 300 VHT-SIG-Bs. In particular, Figure 3 shows an example of a VHT-SIG-B for 20 MHz transmission, an example of a VHT-SIG-B for a 40 MHz transmission and an example of a VHT-SIG-B for an 80 MHz transmission.
In the configuration shown in Figure 3, the VHT-SIG-B can include twenty bits of signal 384a and six tail bits 386a for 20 MHz transmission.
The VHT-SIG-B can include twenty bits of signal 384n, one reserved bit 388b and 5 six trailing bits 386b as well as a set of repeated bits 390 for a 40 MHz transmission (which results in two sets or copies). In this case, the set of repeated bits 390 may include twenty signal bits 384c, a reserved bit 388c, and six trailing bits 386c.
The VHT-SIG-B can include twenty signal bits 384d, three reserved bits 388d, and six trailing bits 386d as well as three sets of repeated bits 392a-c for an 80 MHz transmission (which results in four sets or copies). In this case, the repeated bits A 392a may include twenty bits of signal 384c, three reserved bits 388c, and six trailing bits 386c.
In addition, the repeated B bits 392b can include twenty bits of signal 384f, three reserved bits 388f, and six trailing bits 386f.
In addition, the C repeat bits 392c can include twenty signal bits 384g, three reserved bits 388g, and six trailing bits 386g.
It should be noted that the 384 signal bits may include a packet length indication (a four-byte length indication may be used in 802.11ac, for example), modulation and encoding scheme information, and redundancy check information. cyclic (CRC). The trailing 386 bits can be zero input bits that bring a convolutional encoder back to a known zero state.
Reserved bits 388 can be bits that don't signal any function yet, but can be used in the future (in future pattern updates, for example). In one configuration, the bits shown for 80 MHz transmission can be repeated for 160 MHz transmission (which results in two groups of bits as shown for 80 MHz transmission). Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of data and pilot tones for an 80 MHz 498 signal for a 5 VHT-SIG-B in accordance with the systems and methods described herein.
Data and pilot tones for a 20 MHz signal 494 for a VHT-SIG-B and data and pilot tones for a 40 MHz signal 496 for a VHT-SIG-B are also shown.
In accordance with the systems and methods described herein, a number of data tones and pilot tones 409a-h for an 80 MHz 802.11ac signal 498 can be used for a VHT-SIG-B.
It can be compared with the number of data tones and pilot tones 401a-d for a 20 MHz signal 494 for a VHT-SIG-B and with the number of data tones and tone=pilot 405a-f for a signal. 40 MHz 496 for a VHT-SIG-B.
A 20 MHz 494 signal to a VHT-SIG-B uses 56 tones, which include 52 data tones and four 401a-d pilot tones with a 403 direct current (DC) tone. The data tones and 401a pilot tones -d can be located according to a sub-carrier number or index 413. For example, pilot A 401a is located at -21, pilot B 401b is located at -7, pilot C 401c is located at 7 and the D pilot 401d is located at 21. In this case, the single DC tone 403 is located at 0. A 40 MHz 496 signal to a VHT-SIG-B uses 114 tones, which include 108 data tones and six 405a pilot tones -f with three DC tones 407. Data tones and pilot tones 405a-f can be located according to the number of sub-carriers or index 415. For example, pilot A 405a is located at -53, the pilot B 405b is located at -25, pilot C 405c is located at -111, pilot D 405d is located at 11, pilot E 405e is located at 25, and pilot F 405f is located at 53. In this case, three tones A.D 407 are located at -1, 0, and 1. An 80 MHz 498 signal to a VHT-SIG-B uses 242 tones, which includes 234 data tones and eight pilot tones 5 409 ah with three DC 411 tones. data and pilot tones 409 ah can be located according to the number of sub-carriers or index 417. For example, pilot A 409 a is located at -103, pilot B 409b is located at -75, pilot C 409c is located at -39, pilot D 409d is located at -11, pilot E 409e is located at 11, pilot F 409f is located at 39, pilot G 409g is located at 75, and pilot H 409h is located at at 103. In this case, three DC tones 411 are located at -1, 0 and 1. When a transmit communication device 102 determines a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz, for example, it can allocate 160 sub-carriers to data tones and pilot tones 409a-h according to signal 498 shown in Figure 4. Furthermore, when a receiving communication device 138 determines a bandwidth d and 80 MHz channel, for example, it 138 can receive sub-carriers 160 for data and pilot tones 409a-h according to signal 498 shown in Figure 4. It should be noted that when a 160 MHz signal is used , two copies of the 80 MHz 498 signal can be used (in two 80 MHz bands) in one configuration.
Figure 5 is a flow diagram showing a configuration of a method 500 for using a field format in a communication device.
A communication device (a transmit communication device 102, for example) may allocate 502 at least twenty signal bits and six final bits for a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B).
For example, the VHT-SIG-B can include twenty signal bits 384a and six tail bits 386a for 20 MHz transmission.
In another example, the VHT-SIG-B may include twenty signal bits 384b, a reserved bit 388b and six trailing bits 386b as well as a set of repeated bits 390 for a 40 MHz transmission.
In this case, the set of repeated bits 390 may include twenty signal bits 384c, a reserved bit 388c, and six trailing bits 386c.
In yet another example, the VHT-SIG-B may include twenty signal bits 384d, three reserved bits 388d, and six trailing bits 386d as well as three sets of repeated bits 392a-c for an 80 MHz transmission.
In this case, the repeated A bits 392a may include twenty bit signals 384e, three reserved bits 388e, and six trailing bits 386e.
In addition, the repeated B bits 392b can include twenty bits of signal 384f, three reserved bits 388f, and six trailing bits 386f.
In addition, the C repeat bits 392c can include twenty signal bits 384g, three reserved bits 388g, and six trailing bits 386g.
In one configuration, the bits used in an 80 MHz transmission can be repeated in a 160 MHz transmission (which results in two sets of bits as described for the 80 MHz transmission). In another configuration, a separate format can be used in a 160 MHz transmission (if a 160 MHz interleaver 110 is used, for example). The communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) may use 504 a number of sub-carriers 160 for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same number of sub-carriers 160 for a Long Training Field with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
For a 20 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 56 160 sub-carriers (OFDM tones, for example) to a VHT-SIG-B, while 56 160 sub-carriers can be allocated to a VHT-LTF and while 56 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
For a 40 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 114 sub-carriers 160 (OFDM tones, for example) to a VHT-SIG-B, while 114 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a VHT- LTF and as long as 114 subcarriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
For an 80 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 242 sub-carriers 160 (OFDM tones, for example) for a VHT-SIG-B, while 242 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated for a VHT-LTF and while 242 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
For 160 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 484 sub-carriers 160 (OFDM tones, for example) to a VHT-SIG-B, while 484 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a VHT-LTF and while 484 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
The communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) may apply 506 a pilot mapping (map 116, for example) for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same pilot mapping for a DATA field.
For a 20 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can insert pilot symbols on the sub-carriers 160 to the sub-carrier index numbers - 21, -7, 7, 21 for the VHT-SIG-B and for the DATA field.
This can be done as shown in Equation (1) above.
In this case, n = 0 and z = 3 for VHT-SIG-B.
For 40 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device may insert pilot symbols on sub-carriers 160 to sub-carrier index numbers -
53, -25, -11, 11, 25, 53 for the VHT-SIG-B and for the DATA field.
This can be done as shown in Equation (2) above.
In this case, n = 0 and z = 2 for VHT-SIG-B.
For 80 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device may insert pilot symbols on sub-carriers 160 to sub-carrier index numbers - 103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75 , 103 for the VHT-SIG-B and for the DATA field.
This can be done as shown in Equation (3) above.
In this case, n = 0 and z = 3 for VHT-SIG-B.
For 160 MHz transmission, the communication device can use two copies of an 80 MHz signal in one configuration.
Thus, the pilot mapping for the 160 MHz signal can be similar to that described for the 80 MHz signal for each copy.
The communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) can transmit 508 the VHT-SIG-B.
For example, transmit communication device 102 may transmit the VHT-SIG-B to receiver communication device 138 using one or more antennas 136a-n.
Figure 6 is a flow diagram showing a more specific configuration of a method 600 for using a field format in a communication device.
As described above, a communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) can determine a bandwidth for signal transmission.
If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 20 MHz, the communication device can allocate 602 twenty signal bits and six final bits for a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B). If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 40 MHz, the communication device can allocate 604 a set of twenty signal bits, one reserved bit and six trailing bits and repeat the set to VHT-SIG-B (than two sets or copies result). If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 80 MHz, the communication device can allocate 606 a set of twenty bits of 5 signal, three reserved bits and six trailing bits and repeat the set three times for the VHT-SIG-B (which results in four sets or copies). If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 160 MHz, the communication device can allocate 608 a group of bits for an 80 MHz signal transmission (four sets or copies of twenty signal bits, three reserved bits and six bits finals, for example) and repeating the group of bits for the VHT-SIG-B (which results in eight sets or copies). Alternatively, if the bandwidth for signal transmission is 160 MHz, the communication device can use a separate format for the VHT-SIG-B (if a 160 MHz interleaver 110 is used, for example). Bit repetition can provide additional bits for bandwidth (more than twenty reserved bits, for example). It may also provide a way for a receiver (the receiving communication device 138, for example) to obtain processing gain by averaging repeated provisional values at the input of the decoder.
The communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) may use 610 a number of sub-carriers 160 for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same number of sub-carriers 160 for a Long Training Field with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field.
For a 20 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 56 160 sub-carriers (OFDM tones, for example) to a VHT-SIG-B, while 56 160 sub-carriers can be allocated to a VHT-LTF and while 56 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
For a 40 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 114 sub-carriers 160 (OFDM tones, for example) to a VHT-SIG-B, while 114 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a VHT- LTF and as long as 114 subcarriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
For an 80 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 242 sub-carriers (OFDM tones, for example) to a VHT-SIG-B, while 242 160 sub-carriers can be allocated to a VHT-LTF and while 242 subcarriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
For 160 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can allocate 484 sub-carriers 160 (OFDM tones, for example) to a VHT-SIG-B, while 484 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a VHT-LTF and while 484 sub-carriers 160 can be allocated to a DATA field.
It should be noted that, in the VHT-SIG-B, pilots and scheduling can be performed in a similar way to that used for the DATA field.
This can avoid problems with 802.11a tone duplication (such as VHT-SIG-A, for example). However, the power scaling can be, for VHT-SIG-B, different from that used for VHT-SIG-A (similar to a duplicate 802.11n with High Transmission Capacity (HT), for example). Pilot mapping and pilot processing may be different from those used for VHT-SIG-A as VHT-LTFs may have a different number of pilots and a different pilot mapping than used for VHT-SIG-A .
The communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) may apply 612 a pilot mapping (map 116, for example) to the
VHT-SIG-B which is the same pilot mapping for a DATA field.
For a 20 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device can insert pilot symbols on the sub-carriers 160 to the sub-carrier index numbers - 5 21, -7, 7, 21 for the VHT-SIG-B and to the DATA field.
This can be done as shown in Equation (1) above.
In this case, the symbol index n = 0 and the pilot scrambling sequence z = 3 for the VHT-SIG-B.
For a 40 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device may insert pilot symbols on the sub-carriers 160 to the sub-carrier index numbers - 53, -25, -11, 11, 25, 53 for the VHT- GIS-B and to the DATA field.
This can be done as shown in Equation (2) above.
In this case, the symbol index n = 0 and the pilot scrambling sequence z = 3 for the VHT-SIG-B.
For 80 MHz transmission, for example, the communication device may insert pilot symbols on sub-carriers 160 to sub-carrier index numbers - 103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75, 103 for the VHT-SIG-B and for the DATA field.
This can be done as shown in Equation (3) above.
In this case, the symbol index n = 0 and the pilot scrambling sequence z = 3 for the VHT-SIG-B.
For 160 MHz transmission, the communication device can use two copies of an 80 MHz signal in one configuration.
Thus, the pilot mapping for the 160 MHz signal can be similar to that described for the 80 MHz signal for each copy.
The communication device (the transceiver communication device 102, for example) can copy 614 the VHT-SIG-B into various space-time streams (streams 158, for example). For example, VHT-SIG-B can be duplicated into spacetime streams 158. In one configuration, VHT-SIG-B can be encoded and interleaved as a single spatial stream symbol.
For example, the VHT-SIG-B can be copied into NSTS streams 158, where NSTS is the number of spacetime streams 158 in the DATA field for an intended receiver, apparatus, or user (the receiving communication device 138 , for example). The NSTS spacetime streams 158 to the VHT-SIG-B can use the same Cyclic Shift Diversity (CSD) values used in a DATA field.
For example, the communication device may apply cyclical offset values to the NSTS spacetime streams 158 to the VHT-SIG-B which are the same cyclical offset values to the NSTS spacetime streams 158 in the DATA field.
The communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) can apply 616 a long guard interval to the VHT-SIG-B.
This can be done, for example, in order to maintain the same guard interval in the entire preamble part of a packet or frame.
For example, the transmit communication device 102 can apply 612 the same guard interval to the VHT-SIG-B that is applied to other fields (VHT-LTFs, for example) in the preamble of a packet or frame.
The communication device (the transmit communication device 102, for example) can transmit 618 the VHT-SIG-B.
For example, transmit communication device 102 may transmit 618 the VHT-SIG-B to receiver communication device 138 using one or more antennas 136a-n.
Figure 7 is a flow diagram showing another configuration of a method 700 for using a field format in a communication device.
A communication device (the receiving communication device 138, for example) may receive 702 a VHT-SIG-B in several spacetime streams (the streams 158, for example).
In one configuration, the communication device (the receiving communication device 138, for example) may obtain a channel estimate of NSTS streams 158, where NSTS is the number of space-time streams 158 to a receiver, apparatus, or specific user (the receiving communication device 138, for example). The VHT-SIG-B received by the communication device (the receiving communication device 138, for example) can have the same format described above based on the transmission bandwidth.
If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 20 MHz, the VHT-SIG-B can comprise twenty signal bits and six trailing bits.
If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 40 MHz, the VHT-SIG-B can comprise a set of twenty signal bits, one reserved bit and six trailing bits that is repeated once (which results in two of the same set or two copies). If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 80 MHz, the VHT-SIG-B can comprise a set of twenty signal bits, one reserved bit and six trailing bits that is repeated three times (resulting in four of the same set or four copies). If the bandwidth for signal transmission is 160 MHz, the VHT-SIG-B can comprise two groups of bits, each of which is allocated according to the case of 80 MHz transmission bandwidth (than eight of the same set result, or eight copies, for example). Alternatively, a separate format can be used for a VHT-SIG-B in 160 MHz transmission.
Additionally or alternatively, the VHT-SIG-B can have the same number of sub-carriers 160 used for a VHT-LTF and a DATA field.
For example, the VHT-SIG-B may have the number of sub-carriers (tones, for example) 160 indicated in Table (1) above.
Additionally or alternatively, the received VHT-SIG-B may have a scaling that is similar to the scaling performed for the DATA field.
Additionally or alternatively, the VHT-SIG-B 5 can have the same pilot mapping used for the DATA field.
For example, pilot symbols can be inserted at sub-carrier indices {-21, -7, 7, 21} if a bandwidth of 20 MHz is used at sub-carrier indices {-53, -25, -11, 11, 25, 53} if 40 MHz bandwidth is used and/or at sub-carrier indices {-103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75, 103} if a bandwidth of 80 MHz is used.
For 160 MHz bandwidth, the indices used for 80 MHz bandwidth can be used twice, for example.
Additionally or alternatively, the received VHT-SIG-B may be copied into a number (NSTS) of spacetime streams 158 which is the same number (NSTS) of spacetime streams 158 used in the DATA field for a device communication device or specific user.
Additionally or alternatively, the VHT-SIG-B can have the same cyclic shift values that are used for the DATA field.
In some configurations, the received VHT-SIG-B may have a long guard interval.
For example, VHT-SIG-B can have the same guard interval that is used for other fields in the preamble of a packet.
The communication device (the receiving communication device 138, for example) can decode 704 the VHT-SIG-B.
In one configuration, the communication device can decode 704 the VHT-SIG-B as follows.
The communication device can add channel estimates for the various streams 158 and perform single stream detection.
For each sub-carrier 160 and each receive antenna 154a-n, for example, the receiving communication device 138 can add channel estimates for all the NSTS streams 158. A single stream detection can then be performed using of this modified channel estimate.
In another embodiment, the communication device (the receiving communication device 138, for example) may alternatively perform decoding as follows.
For example, the receiving communication device 138 may perform Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) reception processing. The NSTS streams 158 can then be proportionally divided by sub-carrier 160. Finally, a single-stream deinterleaving and decoding can be performed by the receiving communication device 138. The communication device (the receiving communication device 138, for example) can perform 706 an operation using a decoded VHT-SIG-B.
For example, the VHT-SIG-B can include information that the communication device (the receiving communication device 138, for example) can use to demodulate and/or decode data.
For example, the VHT-SIG-B can include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. This may allow the receiving communication device 138 to demodulate and/or decode data from the transmit communication device 102 in accordance with the MCS.
Figure 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an access point 802 and an access terminal 838 in which systems and methods for using a field format can be implemented.
The access point 802 may include a repetition bit block/module 806, a channel encoder 808, an interleaver 810, a cyclic shift block/module 822, a spatial mapping block/module 824, a block/module of Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) 826, one guard interval block/module 828, one radio frequency (RF) transmit (TX) block/module 5, one or more antennas 832a-n, a pseudo-noise generator 834, a pilot generator 836 and/or a receiver 821. It should be noted that one or more of the elements 806, 808, 810, 812, 814, 820, 822, 824, 826, 828, 830, 834, 836 , 821 included in access point 802 can be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both.
Furthermore, the term “block/module” can be used to indicate that a specific element can be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both.
It should also be noted that while some of the elements 806, 808, 810, 812, 814, 820, 822, 824, 826, 828, 830, 834, 836 may be shown as a single block, one or more of the 806 elements , 808, 810, 812, 814, 820, 822, 824, 826, 828, 830, 834, 836 shown may comprise several parallel blocks/modules in some configurations.
For example, multiple channel encoders 808, multiple interleavers 810, multiple constellation mappers 812, multiple pilot insert blocks/modules 814, multiple scaling blocks/modules 820, multiple cyclic shift blocks/modules 822, multiple blocks/modules of spatial mapping 824, multiple IDFT blocks/modules 826, multiple guard interval blocks/modules 828, and/or multiple TX RF830 blocks/modules can be used to form multiple paths in some configurations.
For example, separate 858 streams (such as spacetime 858 streams, spatial 858 streams, etc.) can be generated and/or transmitted using separate paths.
In some implementations these paths are implemented with separate hardware, whereas in other implementations the path hardware is reused for more than one 858 stream, or path logic is implemented in software that runs for 5 um or more streams 858. More specifically, each of the elements shown in access point 802 can be implemented as a single block/module or as multiple blocks/modules.
804 data can comprise overhead data (control data, for example) and/or payload data.
For example, payload data may include voice, video, audio and/or other data.
Overhead data can include control information, such as information specifying the data rate, modulation and encoding scheme (MCS), channel bandwidth, etc.
In some configurations or instances, the 804 data may be sent to the repeating bit block/module 806, which may repeat (generate, for example) bit copies of the 804 data. For example, if 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz are used for a transmission bandwidth, then the repeating bit block/module 806 can repeat signal bits, trailing bits and/or reserved bits for a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG- B). If 40 MHz were used, for example, then a set of twenty sign bits, a reserved bit and six trailing bits can be allocated and can be repeated once, resulting in two copies or sets.
If 80 MHz is used, then a set of twenty sign bits, three reserved bits and six trailing bits can be allocated and can be repeated three times, resulting in four sets or copies.
If 160 MHz is used, then a set of twenty signal bits, three reserved bits and six trailing bits can be allocated and can be repeated three times (resulting in four sets or copies) to form a group of bits for a signal. 80 MHz, which can then be repeated or copied, resulting in two groups.
For example, two copied 80 MHz 5 VHT-SIG-B data symbols can be used for 160 MHz.
Or, eight sets or copies can be allocated for a 160 MHz signal.
Alternatively, a separate or different format can be used for 160 MHz (if a separate 160 MHz 810 interleaver is used). Data (optionally repeated) 804 can be sent to channel encoder 808. Channel encoder 808 can encode data 804 for forward error correction (FEC), encryption, bundling, and/or other known encodings for use with wireless transmission.
For example, channel encoder 808 may use binary convolutional encoding (BCC). The encoded data can be sent to the interleaver 810. The interleaver 810 can change the ordering of bits or the interleaved bits so as to more evenly spread the channel errors over a bit stream.
Interleaved bits can be sent to constellation mapper 812. In some configurations, a separate interleaver 810 may be provided for 160 MHz signals.
The constellation mapper 812 maps the data sent by the interleaver 810 to constellation points (complex numbers, for example). For example, the constellation mapper 812 may use modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc.
In case quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used, for example, the constellation mapper 812 can generate two bits per stream 858, per sub-carrier
860, per symbol period. In addition, constellation mapper 812 can transmit a 16-QAM constellation signal for each stream 858 for each data sub-carrier 860 for symbol period. Other 5 modulations can be used, such as 64-QAM, which would result in a consumption of six bits per stream 858, per data sub-carrier 860, per symbol period. Other variations are also possible. In one configuration, BPSK modulation can be used for VHT-SIG-B. It should be noted that constellation mapper 812 can allocate several sub-carriers (OFDM tones, for example) 860 and map the constellation points (for example symbols) onto sub-carriers 860. Pilot generator 836 can generate one sequence of pilots. A pilot sequence can be a group of pilot symbols. In a configuration, for example, the values in the pilot sequence can be represented by a signal with a specific phase, amplitude and/or frequency. For example, a “1” can denote a pilot symbol with a specific phase and/or amplitude, while a “-1” can denote a pilot symbol with a different phase and/or amplitude (opposite or inverse, for example). The access point 802 may include a pseudo-random noise generator 834 in some configurations. The pseudo-random noise generator 834 may generate a pseudo-random noise sequence or signal (e.g. values) used to scramble the pilot sequence. For example, the pilot sequence for successive OFDM symbols can be multiplied by successive numbers of the pseudo-random noise sequence, thus scrambling the pilot sequence per OFDM symbol.
This can be done according to the equation pn  z Pnk , where pn is the pseudo-random noise sequence, Pnk is the pilot sequence (or pilot mapping matrix) and k is an OFDM tone index (sub-carrier 860, for example). In one configuration, n = 0 and z = 3 for VHT-SIG-B. When the pilot sequence is sent to an access terminal 5 838, the received pilot sequence can be unscrambled by a pilot processor 842. It should be noted that the VHT-DATA symbol n = 0 can be used for the VHT- SIG-B, which means that the first DATA symbol and the VHT-SIG-B can both use DATA symbol number 0. It should also be noted that the pilot scrambling sequence z = 3 can be used to the VHT-SIG-B. Pilot insertion block/module 814 inserts pilot tones into pilot tone subcarriers 860. For example, the pilot sequence may be mapped into subcarriers 860 to specific indices according to a map
816. For example, pilot symbols of the (scrambled) pilot sequence can be mapped to 860 pilot sub-carriers that are interspersed with 860 data sub-carriers and/or other 860 sub-carriers. In other words, the sequence or pilots signal can be combined with the sequence or data signal. In some configurations, one or more direct current (DC) tones at a sub-carrier index 0. The pilot mapping performed for a VHT-SIG-B by the block/pilot insertion module 814 may be the same mapping of pilot performed for a DATA field in a packet or frame. As described above, pilot symbols can be inserted at sub-carrier indices {-21, -7, 7, 21} if a bandwidth of 20 MHz is used. Additionally or alternatively, pilot symbols can be inserted to sub-carrier indices {-53, -25, -11, 11, 25, 53} if 40 MHz bandwidth is used.
Additionally or alternatively, pilot symbols may be inserted at sub-carrier indices {-103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75, 103} if 80 MHz bandwidth is used. For 160 MHz bandwidth, the indices used for 80 MHz bandwidth can be used in two 80 MHz bandwidths, for example.
In some configurations, the number of sub-carriers used for the VHT-SIG-B can be the same number of sub-carriers used for the VHT-LTF(s) and DATA field(s) .
It should be noted that while examples of sub-carrier or tone index numbers are given, other sub-carrier or tone index numbers may be used.
The combined data and pilot signal 818 can be sent to a scaling block/module 820. The scaling block/module 820 can schedule pilot symbols and/or data symbols.
In some configurations, the scaling block/module 820 scales the pilot symbols and/or data symbols in an identical manner as used for a DATA field.
The scaling signal (the output signal from scaling block/module 820, for example) can be sent to cyclic shift block/module 822. Cyclic shift block/module 822 can insert cyclic shifts into one or more spatial streams 858 or 858 spacetime flows for cyclic shift diversity (CSD). In one configuration, the NSTS 858 spacetime streams to the VHT-SIG-B can use the same CSD values that are used for a DATA field.
In one configuration, the VHT-SIG-B can be encoded (by channel encoder 808) and interleaved
(by interleaver 810) as a unique spatial flow symbol.
The output of the constellation mapper 812 (or the output of block/pilot insertion module 814, the output of block/scaling module 820 or the output of block/cyclic shift module 822) of the VHT-SIG-B can be copied into NSTS 858 streams, where NSTS is the number of spacetime streams 858 in a DATA field for an 838 access terminal or intended user.
For example, the spatial mapping block/module 824 can map the VHT-SIG-B into NSTS 858 spacetime streams or 858 spatial streams.
The IDFT block/module 826 can perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform on the signal generated by the spatial mapping block/module 824. For example, the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) block/module 826 converts the data frequency signals 804 and pilot tones inserted into time domain signals representing the signal across streams 858 and/or time domain samples for a symbol period.
In one configuration, for example, the IDFT 826 block/module can perform a 256-point Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).
In some configurations, the IDFT 826 block/module may further apply phase rotation to one or more 20 MHz subbands.
The signal output of the IDFT block/module 826 can be sent to the guard interval block/module 828. The guard interval block/module 828 can insert (preemptively obtain, for example) a guard interval in the signal output of the IDFT block/module 826. For example, the guard interval block/module 828 can insert a long guard interval that is the same length as a guard interval for other fields in a frame preamble.
In some configurations, the guard interval block/module 828 may further window formation on the signal.
The output of guard interval block/module 828 can be sent to transmit (TX) 830 radio frequency (RF) block/module 830. guard 828 (a complex baseband waveform, for example) and transmit the resulting signal using antenna or antennas 832a-n.
For example, the RF830 TX block or blocks/modules may transmit radio frequency (RF) signals to one or more 832a-n antennas, thereby transmitting the 804 data that has been inputted to the 808 channel encoder over a wireless medium suitably configured to receiving by one or more access terminals 838. It should be noted that the access point 802 may determine the channel bandwidth to be used in transmissions to one or more access terminals 838. This determination may be based on one or more factors such as compatibility with access terminal 838, number of access terminals 838 (using the communication channel), channel quality (channel noise, for example) and/or a received indicator, etc. .
In one configuration, the 802 access point can determine whether the bandwidth for signal transmission is 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz.
One or more of the elements 806, 808, 810, 812, 814, 820, 822, 824, 826, 828, 830, 834, 836 included in access point 802 can function based on the bandwidth determination.
For example, the repeating bit block/module 806 may (or may not) repeat bits based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
In addition, pilot generator 836 can generate multiple pilot tones based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
For example, the pilot generator 836 can generate eight pilot symbols for an 80 MHz signal (with 842 OFDM tones: 234 data tones and eight pilot tones with three DC sub-carriers 5 860). In addition, constellation mapper 812 can map data 804 into various OFDM tones and pilot insertion block/module 814 can insert pilot tones based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
In one example, if the current field is a VHT-SIG-B and the bandwidth used is 80 MHz, the constellation mapper 812 can map the 804 data into 234 OFDM tones or 860 sub-carriers, leaving eight OFDM tones (860 sub-carriers, for example) for pilots and three 860 sub-carriers as DC tones.
In some configurations, constellation mapper 812 may use a lookup table to determine the number of tones or sub-carriers to be used for a specified bandwidth.
In addition, the pilot insertion block/module 814 can insert pilots based on transmission bandwidth.
For example, a bandwidth of 80 MHz might indicate that pilot symbols should be inserted at indices -103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75, and 103. It should be noted that the block / IDFT 826 module can furthermore rotate subbands (20MHz subbands for example) based on bandwidth for signal transmission.
In one configuration, if the determined bandwidth is 20 MHz, the access point 802 can allocate 56 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 56 for the DATA field.
If the determined bandwidth is 40 MHz, the access point 802 can allocate 114 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 114 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 80 MHz, the access point 802 can allocate 842 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 242 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 160 MHz, the 802 access point can allocate 484 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 484 for the DATA field.
Other 5 OFDM tone numbers can be used.
One or more streams 858 may be transmitted from access point 802 such that transmissions of different streams 858 are differentiable at an access terminal 838 (with some probability). For example, bits mapped to a spatial dimension are transmitted as an 858 stream. This 858 stream can be transmitted on its own 832 antenna spatially separate from other 832 antennas, in its own superposition to a series of spatially separated 832 antennas, in its polarization, etc.
Many techniques for separating streams 858 are known and can be used (involving space-separating antennas 832 or other techniques that would allow their signals to be distinguished at a receiver, for example). In the example shown in Figure 8, there are one or more 858 streams that are transmitted using the same or a different number of 832a-n antennas (one or more, for example). In some instances, only one 858 stream may be available because of the inactivation of one or more other 858 streams. In case the access point 802 uses a series of 860 frequency sub-carriers, there are several values for the frequency dimension , so that constellation mapper 812 can map some bits to one sub-carrier of frequency 860 and other bits to another sub-carrier of frequency 860. Other sub-carriers of frequency 860 can be reserved as protection bands, sub- 860 pilot tone carriers, or the like, that do not (or do not always) carry 804 data. For example, there may be one or more 860 data sub-carriers and one or more 860 pilot sub-carriers. , in some instances or configurations, not all 5 860 sub-carriers can be excited at once.
For example, some tones may not be excited to enable filtering.
In one configuration, the access point 802 may use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for the transmission of multiple sub-carriers 860. For example, the constellation mapper 812 may map (encoded) data 804 into time and resource resources. /or frequency according to the multiplexing scheme used.
The time dimension refers to periods of symbols.
Different bits can be allocated to different symbol periods.
In case there are several streams 858, several sub-carriers 860 and several symbol periods, transmission by one symbol period may be referred to as "MIMO (Multi-Input and Multiple-Output) OFDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol orthogonal)". The baud rate for the encoded data can be determined by multiplying the number of bits per single symbol (log2 of the number of constellations used) times the number of streams 858 times the number of data sub-carriers 860, divided by the length of the Symbols period.
One or more access terminals 838 can receive and use signals from access point 802. For example, an access terminal 838 can use the received bandwidth indicator to receive a given number of OFDM tones or sub-carriers 860. or alternatively, an access terminal 838 may use a pilot sequence generated by the access point 802 to characterize the channel, transmitter damage and/or receiver damage and use that characterization to improve receipt of the 804 encoded data in transmissions. .
For example, an access terminal 838 may include one or more antennas 834a-n (which may be more, less than or equal to the number of access point antennas 832a-n 802 and/or the number of streams 858) that are RF RF Blocks/Modules 852. The RX RF Block or Blocks/Modules 852 can transmit analog signals to one or more Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) 850. For example, a block of RF receiver radio frequency 852 can receive and downconvert a signal, which can be sent to an analog-to-digital converter 850. As with the 802 access point, the number of processed 858 streams may and may not equal the number of antennas 854 to
Furthermore, it is not necessary to limit each spatial stream 858 to an antenna 854, as various techniques of beam steering, orthogonalization, etc. can be used to arrive at a series of receiver streams.
The 850 analog to digital converter or converters (ADCs) can convert the received analog signal(s) into one or more digital signals.
The output(s) of the 850 analog to digital converter or converters (ADCs) may be sent to one or more time and/or frequency synchronization blocks/modules 848. A block/module of time and/or frequency synchronization 848 may (attempt to) synchronize or align the digital signal in time and/or frequency (with the clock of access terminal 838, for example). The (synchronized) output of time and/or frequency synchronization block(s)/module(s) 848 may be sent to one or more deformatters 846. For example, a deformatter 846 may receive an output of the blocks/ time and/or frequency synchronization modules 846, remove protection intervals, etc., and/or parallelize the data for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing. One or more deformatter outputs 846 may be sent to one or more discrete Fourier transform (DFT) blocks/modules 844. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) blocks/modules 844 may convert one or more time domain signals in the frequency domain.
A pilot processor 842 may use the frequency domain signals (by spatial stream 858, for example) to determine one or more pilot tones (via streams 858, frequency sub-carriers 869 or symbol period groups, for example) sent by access point 802. Pilot processor 842 may additionally or alternatively unscramble the pilot sequence.
Pilot processor 842 may use the pilot sequence or sequences described herein for phase and/or frequency and/or amplitude tracking.
The pilot tone(s) may be sent to a space-time-frequency detection and/or decoding block/module 840, which can detect and/or decode the data across the various dimensions .
The space-time-frequency detection and/or decoding block/module 840 may transmit the received data 864 (the estimation by the access terminal 838 of the data 804 transmitted by the access point 802, for example). In some configurations, the access terminal 838 knows the transmission sequences as part of a total information sequence.
The access terminal 838 can perform channel estimation with the help of these known transmission sequences.
To assist with pilot tone tracking, data processing and/or detection and decoding, an 856 channel estimation block/module may send estimation signals to the 842 5-pilot processor and/or the detection block/module and/or space-time-frequency decoding 840 based on the output of the time and/or frequency sync block/module 849. Alternatively, if deformatting and discrete Fourier transform are for known transmission sequences identical to those used for the part of payload data of the total information sequence, the estimation signals can be sent to the pilot processor 842 and/or the block/detection module and/or the space-time-frequency decoding 840 based on the output of the blocks/ discrete Fourier transform (DFT) modules 844. The access terminal 838 can receive the VHT-SIG-B.
When decoding VHT-SIG-B, a channel estimate of NSTS streams may be available (provided by channel estimation block/module 856, for example), where NSTS is the number of spacetime streams 858 for one 838 access terminal or specific user.
In one configuration, the space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 840 may function as follows.
For each sub-carrier 860 and each receive antenna 854a-n, channel estimation for all NSTS can be added. streams 858. The space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 840 can then perform a single stream detection using this modified channel estimate.
Alternatively, decoding at the receiver can be done as follows.
The space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 840 can perform Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) reception processing. The NSTS streams 858 can then be proportionally divided by sub-carrier 860. Finally, single stream deinterleaving and decoding can be performed.
In some configurations, access terminal 838 may determine channel bandwidth (for incoming communications). For example, the access terminal 838 may receive from the access point 802 a bandwidth indication, which indicates a channel bandwidth.
For example, access terminal 838 may obtain an explicit or implicit bandwidth indication.
In a configuration, the bandwidth indication can indicate a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz.
The access terminal 838 may determine the bandwidth for received communications based on this indication and provide an indication of the determined bandwidth to the pilot processor 842 and/or the space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 840 In some configurations, if the determined bandwidth is 20 MHz, the access terminal 838 can receive 56 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 56 for the DATA field.
If the determined bandwidth is 40 MHz, the access terminal 838 can receive 114 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 114 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 80 MHz, the access terminal 838 can receive 242 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B field and/or 242 for the DATA field.
If the bandwidth is 160 MHz, the access terminal 838 can receive 484 OFDM tones for the VHT-SIG-B and/or 484 for the DATA field.
Other OFDM tone numbers can be received.
Pilot processor 842 may use the determined bandwidth indication to extract pilot symbols from the discrete Fourier transform 844 block/module output. If the access terminal 838 5 detects that the bandwidth is 80 MHz, by For example, pilot processor 842 may extract pilot symbols from indices -103, -75, -39, -11, 11, 39, 75, and 103. Space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 840 may use the determined bandwidth indication to detect and/or decode the received signal data.
For example, if the current field is a VHT-SIG-B and the given bandwidth indication specifies that the bandwidth is 80 MHz, then the space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 840 may detect and/or decode preamble data from 234 OFDM tones or 860 sub-carriers (while eight OFDM tones are pilot tones and three 860 sub-carriers are used for DC tones, for example). In some configurations, space-time-frequency detection/decoding block/module 840 may use a look-up table to determine the number of tones or sub-carriers 860 to be received for a specified bandwidth.
In the configuration shown in Figure 8, access terminal 838 may include a transmitter 825. Transmitter 825 may perform operations similar to those performed by one or more of elements 806, 808, 810, 812, 814, 820, 822, 824, 826 , 828, 830, 834, 836 included in access point 802 in order to transmit data 823 to access point 802. In the configuration shown in Figure 8, access point 802 may include a receiver 821. Receiver 821 may perform operations similar to those performed by one or more of the elements 840, 842, 846, 848, 850, 852, 856 included in access terminal 838 in order to obtain data received 819 from one or more access terminals 838. Thus, as shown in Figure 8, bi-directional communications between the access point 802 and the access terminal 838 may occur on one or more streams 858 and on one or more sub-carriers 860. In one configuration, the access terminal 838 may format a frame or VHT-SIG-B package in a similar manner as described in connection to access point 802. Figure 9 is a block diagram of a communication device 927 that can be used in a Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. Examples of communication device 927 may include transmitter communication devices 102, receiver communication devices 138, access points 802, access terminals 838, base stations, user equipments (UEs), etc.
In communication device 927, traffic data can be sent to a transmit processing block/module 939 included in baseband processor 935. Each data stream can then be transmitted through a respective transmit antenna 955a-n.
The transmission processing block/module 939 can format, encode and interleave the traffic data for each data stream based on a specific encoding scheme for that data stream so as to generate encoded data.
Transmit processing block/module 939 may perform one or more of the methods 500, 600 shown in Figures 5 and 6. For example, transmit processing block/module 939 may include a VHT-SIG formatting block/module -B 941. The VHT-SIG-B format block/module 941 can execute instructions in order to generate and/or format a VHT-SIG-B as described above.
The encoded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data from a 5-pilot generator 937 using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The pilot data can form a known data pattern that is processed in a known way and used in a receiver to estimate the response to the channel.
The multiplexed and encoded pilot data for each stream is then modulated (ie, symbol-mapped) based on a specific modulation scheme (binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) , multi-phase shift keying (M-PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM, for example) selected for that data stream in order to generate symbols of modulation.
The data rate, encoding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions executed by a processor (such as 935 baseband processor, 931 application processor, etc.). The modulation symbols for all data streams can be sent to a Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission processing (TX) block/module 949, which can also process the modulation symbols (for OFDM, for example). The Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission processing (TX) block/module 949 then sends several streams of modulation symbols to transmitters 953a-n.
The Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission processing (TX) block/module 949 may apply beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna 955 from which the symbol is being transmitted.
Each transmitter 953 can receive and process a respective stream of symbols so as to generate one or more analog signals and also conditions (amplifies, filters and upconverts, for example) the analog signals to obtain a suitable modulated signal for transmission through the MIMO channel.
The modulated signals from transmitters 953a-n are then respectively transmitted from antennas 955a-n.
For example, the modulated signal can be transmitted to another communication device (not shown in Figure 9). Communication device 927 may receive modulated signals (from another communication device). These modulated signals are received by antennas 955 and conditioned by receivers 953 (filtered, amplified, down-converted, digitized, for example). In other words, each receiver 953 can condition (filter, amplify and downconvert, for example) a respective received signal, digitize the conditioned signal to generate samples, and also process the samples to generate a symbol stream. "received" corresponding.
A receive processing block/module 945 included in baseband processor 935 then receives and processes the received symbol streams from receivers 953 based on a receiver processing technique to generate several "detected" streams. Receive processing block/module 945 demodulates, deinterleaves and decodes each stream so as to retrieve the traffic data for the data stream.
Receive processing block/module 945 may perform the method 700 shown in Figure 7. For example, receive processing block/module 945 may include a decoding block/module 947. execute instructions to decode a VHT-SIG-B. A precoding processing block/module 943 included in the baseband processor 935 will receive channel state information (CSI) from the receive processing block/module 945. The precoding processing block/module 943 then follows determines the precoding matrix to be used to determine the beamforming weights and then processes the extracted message. It should be noted that the 935 baseband processor can store information in and retrieve information from the 951 baseband memory. The traffic data retrieved by the 935 baseband processor can be sent to the 931 application processor. The 931 application processor can store information in and retrieve information from application memory 933. Figure 10 shows certain components that can be included within a communication device
1057. The transmit communication device 102, the receiver communication device 138, the access point 802, the access terminal 838 and/or the communication device 927 described above may be configured in a similar manner to the communication device 1057 which is shown in Figure 10. The 1057 communication device includes a 1075 processor. The 1075 processor can be a general purpose single or multi-chip microprocessor (an ARM, for example), a special purpose microprocessor (a computer processor). digital signals (DSP) for example), a microcontroller, a programmable gate array, etc.
Processor 1075 may be referred to as central processing unit (CPU). Although only a single 1075 processor is shown in the 1057 communication device of Figure 10, in an alternative configuration a combination of processors (an ARM and a DSP, for example) can be used. Communication device 1057 also includes a memory 1059 in electronic communication with processor 1075 (i.e., processor 1075 can read information from and/or write information to memory 1059). Memory 1059 may be random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disk storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory devices in RAM, on-board memory included with the processor, a programmable read only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, and so on, including combinations of them.
Data 1061 and instructions 1063 may be stored in memory 1059. Instructions 1063 may include one or more programs, routines, subroutines, functions, procedures, codes, etc.
1063 instructions can include a single computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.
The 1063 instructions are executable by the 1075 processor to implement one or more of the 500, 600, 700 methods described above.
The execution of instructions 1063 may involve the use of data 1061 that is stored in memory 1059. Figure 10 shows some instructions 1063a and data 1061a that are loaded into processor 1075. Communication device 1057 may also include a transmitter 1071 and a receiver 1073 to enable the transmission and reception of signals between the communication device 1057 and a remote location (such as another communication device, access terminal, access point, etc.). Transmitter 1071 and receiver 1073 may collectively be referred to as transceiver 1069. An antenna 1067 may be electrically coupled to transceiver 1069. Communication device 1057 may also include (not shown) multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, multiple transceivers, and/or multiple antennas.
The various components of communication device 1057 may be coupled together by one or more buses, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus, a condition signal bus, a data bus, etc.
For simplicity, the various buses are shown in Figure 10 as system bus 1065. Figure 11 shows certain components that can be included within a wireless communication device 1177. One or more of the transmit communication devices 102, transmission device communication receiver 138, access terminal 838, and communication devices 927 described above may be configured similarly to wireless communication device 1177 that is shown in Figure 11. Wireless communication device 1177 includes a processor 1197. Processor 117 it can be a general purpose single-chip or multi-chip microprocessor (eg an ARM), a multipurpose microprocessor (eg a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, a programmable gate array , etc.). Processor 1197 may be referred to as the central processing unit (CPU). Although only a single 1197 processor is shown in wireless communication device 1177 of Figure 11, in an alternative configuration a combination of 1197 processors (an ARM and a DSP, for example) can be used. Wireless communication device 1177 also includes a memory 1179 in electronic communication with processor 1197 (i.e., processor 1197 can read information from and/or write information to memory 1179). Memory 1179 can be any electronic component capable of storing electronic information.
Memory 1179 may be random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices in RAM, memory on board included with the 1197 processor. , a programmable read only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, and so on, including combinations of them.
Data 1181a and instructions 1183a may be stored in memory 1179. Instructions 1183a may include one or more programs, routines, subroutines, functions, procedures, codes, etc.
1063 instructions can include a single computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.
Instructions 1183a are executable by processor 1197 to implement one or more of the 500, 600, 700 methods described above.
Executing instructions 1183a may involve using data 1181a that is stored in memory 1179. Figure 11 shows some instructions
1183b and data 1181b that is loaded into processor 1197 (which can come from instructions 1183a and data 1181a in memory 1179). The communication device 1177 may also include a transmitter 1193 and a receiver 1195 to allow the transmission and reception of signals between the communication device 1177 and a remote location (such as, for example, another electronic apparatus, communication device, etc. .). Transmitter 1193 and receiver 1195 may collectively be referred to as transceiver 1191. An antenna 1199 may be electrically coupled to transceiver 1191. Communication device 1177 may also include (not shown) a plurality of transmitters 1193, a plurality of receivers 1195, a plurality of transceivers 1191, and /or multiple antennas 1199. In some configurations, wireless communication device 1177 may include one or more microphones 1185 to pick up acoustic signals.
In one configuration, a microphone 1185 can be a transducer that converts acoustic signals (voice, speech, for example) into electrical or electronic signals.
Additionally or alternatively, wireless communication device 1177 may include one or more speakers 1187. In one configuration, speaker 1187 may be a transducer that converts electrical or electronic signals to acoustic signals.
The various components of communication device 1177 may be coupled together by one or more buses, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus, a condition signal bus, a data bus, etc.
For simplicity, the various buses are shown in Figure 11 as bus system 1189. In the above description, reference numbers were sometimes used in connection with various terms.
In case a term is used in connection with a reference number, this can mean a reference to a specific element that is shown in one or more of the Figures.
In case a term is used without a reference number, this can mean generic reference to the term without limitation to any specific Figure.
The term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore "determine" can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (such as searching a table, a database, or other structure of data. data), check and the like.
Furthermore, “determining” can include receiving (receiving information, for example), accessing (accessing data in a memory, for example) and the like.
Furthermore, “determining” may include solving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
The phrase “based on” does not mean “based on only”, unless expressly specified otherwise.
In other words, the phrase “based on” describes both “based only on” and “based on at least”. The functions described here may be stored as one or more instructions on a processor-readable or computer-readable medium.
The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or processor.
By way of example, and not limitation, such medium may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage apparatus, or any other medium that may be used to store a desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a computer or processor.
Disc (disk and disc), as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disc, and Blu-ray® disc, where discs (disks) usually reproduce data magnetically , while discs 5 (discs) reproduce data optically with lasers.
It should be noted that a computer-readable medium can be tangible rather than transitory.
The term "computer program product" refers to a computing apparatus or processor in combination with code or instructions (a "program", for example) that can be executed, processed or computed by the computing apparatus or processor.
As used herein, the term "code" can refer to software, instructions, code or data that are executable by a computing device or processor.
Software or instructions can also be transmitted through a transmission medium.
For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves, so axial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of transmission medium.
The methods described herein comprise one or more steps or actions to carry out the described method.
The method steps and/or actions can be interchanged with each other without abandoning the scope of the claims.
In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is necessary for the proper functioning of the method being described, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions can be modified without abandoning the scope of the claims.
It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components shown above.
Various modifications, alterations and variations can be made in the arrangement, functioning and details of the systems, methods and apparatus described herein without departing from the scope of the claims.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1]
1. Method (500) for transmitting a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) (280) according to an IEEE 802.11 standard by a communication device (102), comprising: allocating by minus twenty signal bits (384a-384d) and six trailing bits (386a-386d) for a VHT-SIG-B; use (610) a number of sub-carriers (160) for VHT-SIG-B which is the same as a number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Ground with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) (278 ), and a DATA field (282); applying (612) a pilot mapping for the VHT-SIG-B which is the same as a pilot mapping for the DATA field; and transmit (618) the VHT-SIG-B.
[2]
The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: allocating (602) twenty signal bits (384a) and six trailing bits (386a) to the VHT-SIG-B if the transmission bandwidth either 20 MHz or allocating (604) a set of twenty signal bits (384b), one reserved bit (388b), and six trailing bits (386b) for the VHT-SIG-B; and repeating the set (390) for the VHT-SIG-B if a transmission bandwidth is 40 MHz; or allocate (606) a set of twenty sign bits (384d), three reserved bits (388d), and six trailing bits (386d); and repeating the set three times (392a, 392b, 392c) for the VHT-SIG-B if a transmission bandwidth is 80 MHZ; or allocating (608) a group of bits comprising four copies of a set of twenty signal bits (384d-384g), three reserved bits (388d-388g) and six trailing bits (386d-386g); and 5 repeating the bit group for the VHT-SIG-B if a transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz.
[3]
The method of claim 1, further comprising using (608) a separate format for the VHT-SIG-B if a transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz.
[4]
The method of claim 1, further comprising copying (614) the VHT-SIG-B into a number of spacetime streams (158) that is the same as a number of spacetime streams in the field. from DATA to another communication device.
[5]
5. Method (700) for receiving a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) (280) according to an IEEE 802.11 standard by a communication device, comprising: receiving (702) a VHT -SIG-B on a number of spacetime streams (158), where the VHT-SIG-B comprises at least twenty signal bits (384a-384d) and six trailing bits (386a-386d), the VHT- SIG-B has a number of sub-carriers (160) which is the same as a number of sub-carriers for a Very High Transmission Capacity Long Training Ground (VHT-LTF) (278) and a DATA field ( 282) and the VHT-SIG-B has a pilot mapping which is the same as a pilot mapping for the DATA field; and decoding (704) the VHT-SIG-B.
[6]
The method of claim 5, wherein the VHT-SIG-B comprises:
twenty signal bits (384a) and six trailing bits (386a) for the VHT-SIG-B if a transmission bandwidth is 20 MHz; or two sets of twenty signal bits (384b, 5 384c), one reserved bit (388b, 388c) and six trailing bits (386a, 386b) if a transmission bandwidth is 40 MHZ; or four sets of twenty signal bits (384b-384g), three reserved bits (388d-388g) and six trailing bits (386d-386g) if a transmission bandwidth is 80MHz; or two groups of bits, where each group of bits comprises four sets of twenty signal bits, three reserved bits and six trailing bits if a transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz.
[7]
Method according to claim 5, in which the VHT-SIG-B has a separate format if the transmission bandwidth is 160 MHz.
[8]
The method of claim 5, wherein the number of spacetime streams is the same as a number of spacetime streams in the DATA field.
[9]
The method of claim 1 or 5, wherein the VHT-SIG-B has a guard interval which is the same as a guard interval in a packet.
[10]
The method of claim 5, wherein decoding the VHT-SIG-B comprises: adding channel estimates for the number of spacetime streams; and perform single flow detection.
[11]
The method of claim 5, wherein decoding the VHT-SIG-B comprises: performing Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) reception processing;
calculate the average of the spacetime fluxes; and perform single-stream deinterleaving and decoding.
[12]
A method according to claim 1 or 5, in which the communication device is selected from the group consisting of an access point (802) and an access terminal (838).
[13]
13. Computer program product for transmitting or receiving a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capability (VHT-SIG-B), in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 standard comprising a non-transient tangible computer readable medium having instructions in the even, instructions comprising code for causing a computer to perform the method steps as defined in any one of claims 1-12.
[14]
14. Apparatus (102, 802) for transmitting a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-SIG-B) (280), in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 standard, comprising: mechanisms for allocating at least twenty bits of signal (384a-384d) and six trailing bits (386a-386d) for a VHT-SIG-B; mechanisms to utilize a number of sub-carriers for VHT-SIG-B that is the same as a number of sub-carriers for a Long Training Field with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-LTF) and a DATA field; mechanisms for applying a pilot mapping to the VHT-SIG-B that is the same as a pilot mapping to the DATA field; and mechanisms for transmitting VHT-SIG-B.
[15]
15. Apparatus (138, 838) for receiving a Signal Field B with Very High Transmission Capacity (VHT-
SIG-B) (280), according to an IEEE 802.11 standard, comprising: mechanisms for receiving a VHT-SIG-B in a number of space-time streams (158), wherein the VHT-SIG-B 5 comprises at least twenty signal bits (384a-384d) and six trailing bits (386a-386d), the VHT-SIG-B has a number of sub-carriers which is the same as a number of sub-carriers for a Training Ground Long with Very High Transmission Capability (VHT-LTF) (278) and a DATA field (282), and the VHT-SIG-B has a pilot mapping which is the same as a pilot mapping to the DATA field ; and mechanisms for decoding the VHT-SIG-B.

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法律状态:
2021-05-25| B08F| Application fees: application dismissed [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|Free format text: REFERENTE AS 9A E 10A ANUIDADES. |

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2021-09-14| B08K| Patent lapsed as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi [chapter 8.11 patent gazette]|Free format text: EM VIRTUDE DO ARQUIVAMENTO PUBLICADO NA RPI 2629 DE 25-05-2021 E CONSIDERANDO AUSENCIA DE MANIFESTACAO DENTRO DOS PRAZOS LEGAIS, INFORMO QUE CABE SER MANTIDO O ARQUIVAMENTO DO PEDIDO DE PATENTE, CONFORME O DISPOSTO NO ARTIGO 12, DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US35493010P| true| 2010-06-15|2010-06-15|

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US61/354,930|2010-06-15|

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US13/160,343|US8718169B2|2010-06-15|2011-06-14|Using a field format on a communication device|

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US13/160,343|2011-06-14|

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PCT/US2011/040573|WO2011159830A1|2010-06-15|2011-06-15|Using a field format on a communication device|

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